- Ceramic magnets are black in color and are hard and brittle. Ceramic magnets are the most widely used magnet in the home, industry and commerce due to good resistance to demagnetization and the lowest cost among all kinds of magnets. Grade C1 ceramic magnets are made of non-oriented materials and have less magnetic strength than Grade C5 and C8.
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What is a ceramic magnet?
Ceramic magnets (also known as ferrite magnets) were developed in the 1960’s as a low cost alternative to metallic magnets. They are composed of iron oxide and strontium carbonate. While their hard, brittle quality and low energy exclude them from some applications, ceramic magnets have won wide acceptance due to their corrosion and demagnetization resistance, and low price per pound. Ferrite represents more than 75 percent of world magnet consumption (by weight). It is the first choice for most types of DC motors, magnetic separators, magnetic resonance imaging and automotive sensors.
How are they made?
Ceramic magnets are manufactured using powder technology techniques. The primary raw material – ferrite – is made by using iron oxide and strontium carbonate. These materials are mixed together and then elevated in temperature to 1800-2000 degrees F. At this temperature they undergo a chemical conversion and the resulting material is ferrite.
The ferrite material is then reduced to a very small particle size by wet milling. The milled powder is then either dried (for dry pressed material) or injected into a die (in wet slurry form) in a large hydraulic press. The die is non-magnetic steel with carbide liners. The die cavities are the shape of the part to be pressed.
The wet powder (slurry) is then compacted in the presence of a magnetic field. The water allows the flat ferrite particle to more easily align itself in the magnetic field. Most of the water is removed during the compaction process. The remaining water is evaporated during the initial stages of the sintering process. The sintering takes place at 2000 degrees F. approximately. After sintering the material is fully dense and ready for finish grinding to customer specifications. As the material is very hard and brittle, all of the grinding of ceramic magnets is done using diamond wheels.
All magnet materials demonstrate reversible strength loss as they approach Maximum Operating Temperature.
* NOTE: Unshielded open circuit ceramic magnets should not be subjected to more than 400°F.
* NOTE: Unshielded open circuit ceramic magnets should not be subjected to more than 400°F.
Tolerances
For as pressed material, tolerance on the thickness (direction of magnetization) is ± .005. Other dimensions are ± 2.5% or ± .010, whichever is greater. According to IMA standards, visual imperfections such as hairline cracks, porosity and minor chips are commonly found in sintered metallic magnets. A chipped edge is considered acceptable if no more than 10% of the surface is missing. Cracks are acceptable as long as they do not extend across more than 50% of pole surface.
For as pressed material, tolerance on the thickness (direction of magnetization) is ± .005. Other dimensions are ± 2.5% or ± .010, whichever is greater. According to IMA standards, visual imperfections such as hairline cracks, porosity and minor chips are commonly found in sintered metallic magnets. A chipped edge is considered acceptable if no more than 10% of the surface is missing. Cracks are acceptable as long as they do not extend across more than 50% of pole surface.
Magnetizing and Handling
Ceramic magnet material is extremely brittle and can chip or break if dropped on a hard surface, or if allowed to “jump at” an attracting object. Handle with care. The weakest grade of ceramic material is grade 1, which is typically non-oriented. Grades 5 and 8 are oriented ceramic material. Grade 8 is the strongest ceramic magnet material available (Refer to properties chart below). When making magnetic assemblies with ceramic, it is typically easier for production purposes to magnetize the product after assembly.
Ceramic magnet material is extremely brittle and can chip or break if dropped on a hard surface, or if allowed to “jump at” an attracting object. Handle with care. The weakest grade of ceramic material is grade 1, which is typically non-oriented. Grades 5 and 8 are oriented ceramic material. Grade 8 is the strongest ceramic magnet material available (Refer to properties chart below). When making magnetic assemblies with ceramic, it is typically easier for production purposes to magnetize the product after assembly.
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Machining
Since ceramic material is so brittle, it requires special machining techniques and equipment. We are fully equipped to cut and grind ceramic material to your specifications.
Since ceramic material is so brittle, it requires special machining techniques and equipment. We are fully equipped to cut and grind ceramic material to your specifications.